Agreed: There are indeed surface-defence towers with banks of turbo lasers on Coruscant according to the RoTS novelization.
Now the question is, if they have the range to reach the orbit or if they only shot on wreckage that was already in the atmosphere?
I admit that I haven't seen all TCW episodes. But from all the movies and TCW episodes I have seen, the ion cannon in TESB is the only weapon system I can remember to have seen that had the range to reach from the surface to the orbit.
On the other side, I can remember a few TCW episode where the droids had a kind of anti-aircraft-weapon (
Proton cannon) with very limited range with which they shot at LAATs which attempted to land.
Insofar it still is more than questionable if the RoTS novelization can prove that there are » surface-to-space turbo laser batteries « on Coruscant. The weapons the novelization mentioned could be as well weapons similar to these we have seen in some TCW episodes, weapons with a very limited range.
That would be compatible with the limited range of the turbo laser towers on the surface of the Death Star. Only the rebels who had a low altitude were fired at while the rebels with a higher altitude were safe - although they were in the line of sight of much more turbo laser towers.